Improving the quality of interactions between police and citizens

the procedural justice training programs

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31060/rbsp.2022.v16.n2.1313

Keywords:

Policing, Police training, Procedural justice, Police legitimacy

Abstract

This article presents a review of existing procedural justice training programs conducted by police departments around the world. These programs originate out of Tom R. Tyler’s pioneering studies into police legitimacy. Procedural justice training focuses on improving police procedures when it comes to interacting with the population at large as a means to enhance police legitimacy. We review primary and secondary documents to map out the locations where police have implemented procedural justice training. We then select four case studies for a more detailed review on the structure and impact of the respective programs. We argue that despite being implemented in distinct social and historical contexts, the four case studies evince that police departments are able to appropriate the concepts surrounding procedural justice to intervene in internal structural issues within the police department and to improve relations with the population. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Viviane de Oliveira Cubas, Center for the Study of Violence-University of Sao Paulo

Pesquisadora do NEV-USP. Doutora e Mestre em Sociologia pela Universidade de São Paulo e Bacharel em Ciências Sociais pela mesma universidade. Atua principalmente nos seguintes temas: violência, polícia, segurança pública, segurança privada, direitos humanos.

Gabriel Funari, Center for the Study of Violence-University of Sao Paulo

Atualmente é doutorando em Sociologia pela Universidade de Oxford, estudando milícias e grupos de extermínio em Belém do Pará. Foi pesquisador do NEV-USP. Mestre em Estudos Latino-americanos pela Universidade de Cambridge e Bacharel em Relações Internacionais pela American University.

References

BOTTOMS, A.; TANKEBE, J. Beyond procedural justice: A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, v. 102, p. 119-170, 2012.

BRADFORD, B.; QUINTON, P. Self-legitimacy, Police Culture and Support for Democratic Policing in an English Constabulary. British Journal of Criminology, v. 54, n. 6, p. 1023-1046, 2014.

CUBAS, Viviane de O.; TEIXEIRA, Frederico Castelo Branco & OLIVEIRA, André. “Tão diferentes e tão iguais. As percepções de policiais civis e militares de São Paulo sobre suas instituições”. Dilemas - Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social, v. 13, n.3, p. 801-825, 2020.

FAIR & IMPARTIAL POLICING. FIP Training Courses.

FLEMING, J.; LAFFERTY, G. New management techniques and restructuring for accountability in Australian police organizations. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, v. 23, n. 2, p. 154-168, 2000.

LA VIGNE, N.; JANNETTA, J.; FONTAINE, J.; LAWRENCE, D.; ESTHAPPAN, S. The National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice: Key Process and Outcome Evaluation Findings. Urban Institute, Key Findings from the National Initiative, 2019.

LOWREY-KINBERG, B. Experimental results on the effect of politeness strategies on perceptions of police. Language and Communication, v. 69, p. 42-53, 2019.

MACCOUN, R. Voice, Control, and Belonging: The Double-Edged Sword of Procedural Fairness. Annual Review Law and Social Science, v. 1, p. 171-201, 2005.

MAZEROLLE, L.; ANTROBUS, E.; BENNETT, S.; TYLER, T. R. Shaping Citizen Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: A Randomized Field Trial of Procedural Justice. Criminology, v. 51, n. 1, p. 33-63, 2013.

MURPHY, K.; TYLER, T. R. Experimenting with procedural justice policing. Journal of Experimental Criminology, v. 13, n. 3, p. 287-292, 2017.

NAGIN, D.; TELEP, C. Procedural justice and legal compliance. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, v. 13, p. 5-28, 2017.

NATIONAL INTIATIVE FOR BUILDING COMMUNITY TRUST AND JUSTICE. Pilot Sites.

NEV/USP. Building Democracy Daily: Human Rights, Violence and Institutional Trust. Report CEPID-FAPESP, 2018.

NIX, J. Police Perceptions of their External Legitimacy in High and Low Crime Areas of the Community. Crime and Delinquency, v. 63, n. 10, p. 1250-1278, 2017.

OWENS, E.; WEISBURG, D.; ALPERT, G.; AMENDOLA, K. Promoting Police Integrity Through Early Engagements and Procedural Justice in the Seattle Police Department. Final Report. National Institute of Justice, 2016.

PINC, T. Treinamento policial: um meio de difusão de políticas públicas que incidem na conduta individual do policial de rua. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Política) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011.

POVERTY ACTION LAB. Building Effective, Resilient, and Trusted Police Organizations in Mexico City.

PRESIDENT’S TASK FORCE ON 21ST CENTURY POLICING. Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Washington/DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2015.

ROSENBAUM, D.; LAWRENCE, D. Teaching Respectful Police-Citizen Encounters and Good Decision Making: Results of a Randomized Control Trial with Police Recruits. National Police Research Platform, 2012.

ROSENBAUM, D.; LAWRENCE, D. Teaching procedural justice and communication skills during police-community encounters: Results of a randomized control trial with police recruits. Journal of Experimental Criminology, v. 13, n. 3, p. 293-319, 2017.

SARGEANT, E.; ANTROBUS, E.; PLATZ, D. Promoting a culture of fairness: police training, procedural justice, and compliance. Journal of Experimental Criminology, v. 13, p. 347-365, 2017.

SARGEANT, E.; MURPHY, K.; MADON, N. Is dissatisfaction with police inevitable? Testing an integrated model of motivational postures and procedural justice in police-citizen contacts. Police Practice and Research, v. 19, n. 2, p.125-137, 2018.

SCOTTISH JUSTICE MATTERS. Policing: Reflections on developments and changes to policing in Scotland.

SKOGAN, W. G. Police and Community in Chicago: A Tale of Three Cities. Oxford/Reino Unido: Oxford University Press, 2006a.

SKOGAN, W. G. Asymmetry in the impact of encounters with police. Policing and Society, v. 16, n. 2, p. 99-124, 2006b.

SKOGAN, W. G.; VAN CRAEN, M.; HENNESY, C. L. Training police for procedural justice. Journal of Experimental Criminology, v. 11, p. 319-334, 2015.

SOUTHORN, D.; LAZARE, S. Officers Accused of Abuses Are Leading Chicago Police’s Implicit Bias Training Program. The Intercept, 2019.

TANKEBE, J. Rightful Authority: exploring the structure of police self-legitimacy. 2014.

TANKEBE, J. In their own eyes: an empirical examination of police self-legitimacy. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, v. 43, n. 2, p. 99-116, 2019.

TANKEBE, J.; MESKO, G. Police self-legitimacy, use of force and pro-organizational behavior in Slovenia. In: Trust and Legitimacy in Criminal Justice: European Perspectives. Nova Iorque/EUA: Springer, 2015.

TYLER, T. R. What Is Procedural Justice? Criteria Used by Citizens to Assess the Fairness of Legal Procedures. Law and Society Review, v. 22, n. 1, p. 103-135, 1988.

TYLER, T. R. Enhancing Police Legitimacy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 593, n. 1, p. 84-99, 2004.

TYLER, T. R. Procedural justice and policing: A rush to judgment?. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, v. 13, n. 1, p. 29-53, 2017.

TYLER, T. R.; DEGOEY, P. Collective restraint in social dilemmas: Procedural justice and social identification effects on support for authorities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 69, n. 3, p. 482-497, 1995.

VAN CRAEN, M.; SKOGAN, W. G. Achieving Fairness in Policing: The Link Between Internal and External Procedural Justice. Police Quarterly, v. 20, n. 1, p. 3-23, 2017.

VITALE, A. The End of Policing. Brooklyn/EUA: Verso, 2017.

WEICHSELBAUM, S. The ‘Chicago Model’ of Policing Hasn’t Saved Chicago. The Marshall Project, 2016.

WHELLER, L.; QUINTON, P.; FILDES, A.; MILLS, A. The Greater Manchester Police procedural justice training experiment. The impact of communication skills training on officers and victims of crime. College of Policing, 2013.

WOOD, G.; TYLER, T. R.; PAPACHRISTOS, A. Procedural justice training reduces police misconduct and use of force. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020.

ZANETIC, A.; PAES MANSO, B.; NATAL, A.; OLIVEIRA, T. R. Legitimidade da polícia: segurança pública para além da dissuasão. Civitas, v. 16, n. 4, p. 148-173, 2016.

Published

2022-03-23

How to Cite

DE OLIVEIRA CUBAS, Viviane; FUNARI, Gabriel. Improving the quality of interactions between police and citizens : the procedural justice training programs . Revista Brasileira de Segurança Pública, [S. l.], v. 16, n. 2, p. 48–69, 2022. DOI: 10.31060/rbsp.2022.v16.n2.1313. Disponível em: https://revista.forumseguranca.org.br/index.php/rbsp/article/view/1313. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2024.