El Enfoque cognitivo del cuestionamiento
Buscando informaciónes en lugar de confesiones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31060/rbsp.2024.v18.n1.1710Palabras clave:
Interrogatorio policial, Enfoque acusatorio, Confesiones falsas, Recopilación de información, RapportResumen
El interrogatorio es un procedimiento utilizado habitualmente en las investigaciones policiales. Sin embargo, existe un vacío científico sobre las técnicas de interrogatorio basadas en pruebas que se utilizan en Brasil. Esta revisión narrativa reúne la literatura sobre el uso de técnicas de interrogatorio y los resultados prácticos de su eficacia. En primer lugar, se analiza el enfoque acusatorio, un método que utiliza la inducción de estrés en el sospechoso para analizar supuestos indicadores de mentira y obtener una confesión. Los estudios en psicología cognitiva demuestran que este enfoque recoge información poco fiable y puede conducir a confesiones falsas. Como alternativa, proponemos el enfoque de recopilación de información, cuyo objetivo es cooperar con el sospechoso y animarle a hablar sin recurrir a la coacción. Por último, explicamos cómo la psicología cognitiva ha contribuido a hacer más eficaces las prácticas de interrogatorio en otros países y sugerimos posibles vías para Brasil.
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